Beckstrom’s law says the value of the network is not the square of the number of nodes, it is the difference between the value of the transactions and the costs.
as a formula:
V = B – C’ – SI – L
where
V is Value
B is Benefit
C’ is the remaining Costs
SI is the Security Investment and
L is the Losses
The formula makes sense. The trick is sensibly quantifying the variables.